A person approach to impersonal passive in Null Subject Languages and elsewhere
Article Sidebar
Published:
Dec 17, 2018
Keywords:
Null subject languages - impersonal passive - morphological/periphrastic passive - person - nonspecification - pro, phase - Agree - subfeature.
Main Article Content
Abstract
In this article, we propose a novel approach to impersonal
passive in null subject languages (NSLs), and elsewhere, based
mainly on Pers (on) feature. This Person feature is associated with
a silent unpronounced pronoun, i.e. pro, in finite passive clauses. It
is proposed that pro is the external argument of impersonal passive,
hence abstracting away from Case Absorption Theory (CAT). pro
is specified as a 3 generic/indefinite human agent, and is associated
with the passive morphology (PM). The PM is projected as a
PassP (= Passive Phrase) headed by Pass. PassP is assumed to be
a phase, whose head, i.e. Pass, is ɸ-complete. Pass is assumed to
have two probes, namely Agree Feature and Edge Feature (EF).
EF is motivated by the unvalued [uGenr] feature, as a subfeature
of Person, and by LF interpretation reasons. This [uGenr] is also
argued to be a dissociated feature from ɸ-composition. Pass agrees
with pro in impersonal passive. Like active, pro in our proposal
merges in Spec,vP. In Spec,vP, pro values its θ-role of agent by v at
Merge. An Agree is established between pro and Pass, the result of
which is valuing Pass’s unvalued features and the unvalued Nom
Case of pro. Pass’s EF triggers pro to remerge in its Spec, hence
valuing Pass’s [uGenr] feature.
Article Details
How to Cite
Q.Shormani, M. (2018). A person approach to impersonal passive in Null Subject Languages and elsewhere. AL-Lisaniyyat, 24(2), 31-76. https://doi.org/10.61850/allj.v24i2.127
Section
Articles
References
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pro: An interface approach to the linking of (null) pronouns. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 25, 691–734.
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Linguistic Inquiry 20: 2, 219–251.
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Cambridge University Press.
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473-520.
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English. Natural Language and Linguist Theory 30, 1185–1230.
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structures and beyond, the cartography of syntactic structures 3. New York:
Oxford University Press, 104-131.
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36, 1–22.
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(eds.), Foundational Issues in Linguistic Theory. Cambridge: MIT Press, 133-
166.
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V. Moscati, E. Vincenzo & S. Emilio (eds.), Proceedings XXXV Incontro di
Grammatica Generativa Università di Siena. Studies in Linguistics, 91-103.
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81-120.
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Press, 47-58.
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- D’alessandro, Roberta. 2007. Impersonal si constructions: agreement and interpretation. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
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H. Harley (ed.), The Proceedings of the Penn/MIT Workshop on Aspect, Argument Structure, and Events, May 1997. MIT working papers in linguistics 32,41-72. Cambridge MA, MIT: MIT Working Papers in Linguistics.
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Oxford: Oxford University Press, 137-159.
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Rosendal papers. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 173–219.
- Fassi Fehri, Abdelkader. 2012. Key feature and parameters in Arabic grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
- Folli, Raffaella & Harley, Heidi. 2007. Causation, obligation, and argument
structure: on the nature of little v. Linguistic Inquiry 38: 2, 197-238.
- Frajzyngier, Zygmunt. 1982. Indefinite agent, passive and impersonal passive:
A functional study. Lingua 58, 267-290.
- Frascarelli, Mara. 2007. Subjects, topics and the interpretation of referential
pro: An interface approach to the linking of (null) pronouns. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 25, 691–734.
- Goodall, Grant. 1993. On Case and the passive morpheme. Natural Language
and Linguistic Theory 11, 31-44.
- Harley, Heidi. 2013. External arguments and the mirror principle: On the distinctness of Voice and v. Lingua 125, 34-57.
- Hasegawa, Nobuko. 1985. On the so-called “Zero-pronouns” in Japanese. The
Linguistic Review 4, 243–289.
- Haspelmath, Martin, Dryer, Matthew, Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.).
2005. the world atlas of linguistic structures, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Hofherr, Patricia. 1999. Two German impersonal passives and expletive pro.
Catalan Working Papers in Linguistics 7, 47 – 57 .
- Holmberg, Anders. 2007. Null subjects and polarity focus. Studia Linguistica
61, 212-236.
- Holmberg, Anders. 2010. Null subject parameters. In T. Biberauer, A. Holmberg, I. Roberts, & M. Sheehan. Parametric variation: null subjects in minimalist theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 88-124.
- Huang, James. 1984. On the distribution and reference of empty pronouns.
- Jaeggli, Osvaldo. 1986. Passive. Linguistic Inquiry 17, 4: 587-622.
- Jónsson, Jóhannes. 2003. Not so quirky: On subject case in Icelandic. In E.
Brandner, & H. Zinsmeister (eds.), New Perspectives on Case Theory. 156 in
CSLI Lecture Notes, CSLI, Stanford, Ca, 127–163.
- Jónsson, Jóhannes. 2009. The new impersonal as a true passive. In A. Alexiadou, J. Hankamer, T. McFadden, J. Nuger & F. Schäfer (eds.), Advances in
Comparative Germanic Syntax. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 281-306.
- Keenan, Edward & Dryer, Mathew. 2007. Passive in the world’s languages. In
T. Shopen (ed.), Language typology and syntactic description – clause structure 1 (2nd Ed.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 325-361.
- Kiparsky, Paul. 2013. Towards a null theory of the passive. Lingua 125:7-33.
- Kratzer, Angelika. 1996. Severing the external argument from its verb. In J.
Rooryck & L. Zaring (eds.), Phrase Structure and the Lexicon. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 109-137.
- Kratzer, Angelika. 2000. Building statives. In Proceedings of the 26th Meeting of the Berke-ley Linguistics Society. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Linguistics
Society, 385-399.
- Kratzer, Angelika. 2009. Making a pronoun: Fake indexicals as windows into
the properties of pronouns. Linguistic Inquiry 40, 187–237.
- Laks, Lior. 2009. The formation of Arabic passive verbs: lexical or syntactic?
Proceedings of IATL, 25: available at: linguistics.huji.ac.il/IATL/25/Laks.pdf.
- Landau, Idan. 2013. Control in generative grammar: A research companion.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Lappin, Shalom & Shlonsky, Ur. 1993. Impersonal passives. Journal of Linguistics 31: 1, 5-24.
- Maling, Joan. 2006. From passive to active. Syntactic change in progress in
Icelandic. In B. Lyngfelt & T. Solstad (eds.), Demoting the Agent. Amsterdam:
John Benjamins, 191-223.
- Maling, Joan. & O’connor, Catherine. 2015. Cognitive illusions: non-promotional passives and unspecified subject constructions, in I. Toivonen, P. Csúri
& E. van der Zee (eds.), Structures in the mind: essays on language, music,and cognition in Honor of Ray Jackendoff. MIT Press, 101-118
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