تحدي المورفيم الحر وقيود التكافؤ: أدلة مضادة من التبديل اللغوي عربي جزائري/فرنسي
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منشور:
Jun 25, 2024
الكلمات المفتاحية:
التبديل اللغوي - القيود النحوية - التبديل داخل الجملة - الانتهاك النحوي.
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الملخص
يركز اللّسانيون، ضمن منهج المقاربة النحوية لدراسة ظاهرة التبديل اللغوي، على التبديل الذي يحدث داخل نفس الجملة بهدف صياغة قيود نحوية تحكم الانتقال بين نظامين لغويين مختلفين. تناولت هذه الورقة البحثية الجمل المختلطة بين العربية والفرنسية من وجهة نظر بنيوية واستنادا إلى قيدين اثنين وهما قيد المورفيم الحر وقيد التكافؤ. تضمنت مادة الدراسة تسع وثمانين جملة مختلطة تم استنباطها من تسجيلات صوتية مختلفة لثمانية طلاب ثنائيي اللغة. أظهرت النتائج أن التبديل بين العربية والفرنسية يحدث في مواقع مختلفة ضمن نفس الجملة أو الكلمة. يحدث هذا مع خضوع جزئي للقيدين المشار إليهما آنفا. أثبتت بعض الحالات أن القيدين البنيويين يعملان تماما. إلا أن هناك حالات أخرى فندت مبدأ كلي القيدين وأبطلت صلاحيتهما العالمية التي ادعاها كل من سانكوف (Sankoff) وبوبلاك (Poplack) في وقت سابق.
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كيفية الاقتباس
جنانت., & لواتيف. (2024). تحدي المورفيم الحر وقيود التكافؤ: أدلة مضادة من التبديل اللغوي عربي جزائري/فرنسي. AL-Lisaniyyat, 30(1), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.61850/allj.v30i1.654
القسم
Articles
المراجع
Books:
Al-Rowais, Hawazen. (2012). Code switching between Arabic and English, social motivations and structural constraints. Indiana - USA: PhD diss., Ball State University.
Auer, Peter. (2013). Code-switching in Conversation: Language, Interaction and Identity. Routledge - New York.
Belazi, Hedi M., Rubin, Edward J., & Toribio, A. Jacqueline. (1993). Code-switching and X-bar Theory: The Functional Head Constraint. Linguistic Inquiry25(2): 221-237.
Bentahila, Abdelali, & Davies, Eirlys E. (1983). The syntax of Arabic-French code-switching. Lingua59: 301-330.
Berk-Seligson, Susan. (1986). Linguistic constraints on intra-sentential codeswitching: A study of Spanish/Hebrew bilingualism. Language in Society15: 313-348.
Bhatia, Tej. K., & Ritchi, William. C. (2004). Social and Psychological Factors in Language Mixing. In Handbook of Bilingualism . Ed.William C. Ritchie and Tej K. Bhatia.Blackwell Publishing.
Blom, Jan P., & Gumperz, John J. (1972). Social meaning in linguistic structures: Code-switching in Norway. In Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston: Ed.John J. Gumperz & Dell Hymes.
Cooks-Campbell, Allaya. (2022). Code-switching: More common than you think and hurting your team. https://www.betterup.com/blog/code-switching.
Fairchild, Sarah, & Van Hell, Janet G. (2017). Determiner-noun code-switching in Spanish heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition20: 150-161.
McClure, Erica. (1981). Formal and functional aspects of the code-switched discourse of bilingual children. In Latino language and communicative behavior. Ablex: Ed.Richard P. Duran. Norwood, N.J.
Myers Scotton, Carole & Jake,Janice L. (2000). Testing a Model of Morpheme Classification with Language Contact Data. International Journal of Bilingualism4: 1-8.
Myers.Scotton, Carole. (2001). The Matrix Language Frame Model: Developments and Responses. In Trends in Linguistics: Codeswitching Worldwide II. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Ed. Rodolfo Jacobson.
Pandit, I. (1990). Grammaticality in Code-Switching.In Code switching as a Worldwide Phenomenon. New York: Ed.Rodolfo Jacobson.Peter Lang.
Poplack., Shana. (1980). Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in English y terminoen español: Toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics18:581-618.
Sankoff, David, & Poplack, Shana. (1981). A formal grammar for code-switching. Papers in Linguistics 14: 3-45.
Turjoman, Mona O. (2016). A New Phenomenon in Saudi Females’ Code-switching: A Morphemic Analysis. Advances in Language and Literary Studies 7: 91-96.
Journal articles:
Grosjean, François. (1982). Life with two languages: An introduction to bilingualism. Harvard University Press .
Gumperz, John J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge University Press .
Hamers, Josiane F., & Blanc, Michel H.A. (2000). Bilinguality and Bilingualism. Cambridge University Press .
Joshi, Aravind. (1985). Processing of sentences with intra-sentential code-switching. In Natural language processing: Psychological,computational and theoretical perspectives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: Ed. David Dowty, LauriKartunnen and Arnold M. Zwicky.
Muysken, Pieter. (2000). Bilingual speech: A typology of code-mixing. Cambridge University Press .
Myers-Scotton, Carole. (1993a). Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Codeswitching. Clarendon Press .
Poplack, Shana, & Marjory, M. (1995). Patterns of language mixture: Nominal structure in Wolof-French and Fongbe-French bilingual discourse. In One Speaker, Two Languages:Cross Disciplinary Perspectives on Code Switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ed.Lesley Milroy & Pieter Muysken.
Al-Rowais, Hawazen. (2012). Code switching between Arabic and English, social motivations and structural constraints. Indiana - USA: PhD diss., Ball State University.
Auer, Peter. (2013). Code-switching in Conversation: Language, Interaction and Identity. Routledge - New York.
Belazi, Hedi M., Rubin, Edward J., & Toribio, A. Jacqueline. (1993). Code-switching and X-bar Theory: The Functional Head Constraint. Linguistic Inquiry25(2): 221-237.
Bentahila, Abdelali, & Davies, Eirlys E. (1983). The syntax of Arabic-French code-switching. Lingua59: 301-330.
Berk-Seligson, Susan. (1986). Linguistic constraints on intra-sentential codeswitching: A study of Spanish/Hebrew bilingualism. Language in Society15: 313-348.
Bhatia, Tej. K., & Ritchi, William. C. (2004). Social and Psychological Factors in Language Mixing. In Handbook of Bilingualism . Ed.William C. Ritchie and Tej K. Bhatia.Blackwell Publishing.
Blom, Jan P., & Gumperz, John J. (1972). Social meaning in linguistic structures: Code-switching in Norway. In Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston: Ed.John J. Gumperz & Dell Hymes.
Cooks-Campbell, Allaya. (2022). Code-switching: More common than you think and hurting your team. https://www.betterup.com/blog/code-switching.
Fairchild, Sarah, & Van Hell, Janet G. (2017). Determiner-noun code-switching in Spanish heritage speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition20: 150-161.
McClure, Erica. (1981). Formal and functional aspects of the code-switched discourse of bilingual children. In Latino language and communicative behavior. Ablex: Ed.Richard P. Duran. Norwood, N.J.
Myers Scotton, Carole & Jake,Janice L. (2000). Testing a Model of Morpheme Classification with Language Contact Data. International Journal of Bilingualism4: 1-8.
Myers.Scotton, Carole. (2001). The Matrix Language Frame Model: Developments and Responses. In Trends in Linguistics: Codeswitching Worldwide II. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Ed. Rodolfo Jacobson.
Pandit, I. (1990). Grammaticality in Code-Switching.In Code switching as a Worldwide Phenomenon. New York: Ed.Rodolfo Jacobson.Peter Lang.
Poplack., Shana. (1980). Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in English y terminoen español: Toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics18:581-618.
Sankoff, David, & Poplack, Shana. (1981). A formal grammar for code-switching. Papers in Linguistics 14: 3-45.
Turjoman, Mona O. (2016). A New Phenomenon in Saudi Females’ Code-switching: A Morphemic Analysis. Advances in Language and Literary Studies 7: 91-96.
Journal articles:
Grosjean, François. (1982). Life with two languages: An introduction to bilingualism. Harvard University Press .
Gumperz, John J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge University Press .
Hamers, Josiane F., & Blanc, Michel H.A. (2000). Bilinguality and Bilingualism. Cambridge University Press .
Joshi, Aravind. (1985). Processing of sentences with intra-sentential code-switching. In Natural language processing: Psychological,computational and theoretical perspectives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: Ed. David Dowty, LauriKartunnen and Arnold M. Zwicky.
Muysken, Pieter. (2000). Bilingual speech: A typology of code-mixing. Cambridge University Press .
Myers-Scotton, Carole. (1993a). Duelling Languages: Grammatical Structure in Codeswitching. Clarendon Press .
Poplack, Shana, & Marjory, M. (1995). Patterns of language mixture: Nominal structure in Wolof-French and Fongbe-French bilingual discourse. In One Speaker, Two Languages:Cross Disciplinary Perspectives on Code Switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ed.Lesley Milroy & Pieter Muysken.