Acoustic And Articulatory Analysis Of The Gemination In Modern Standard Arabic
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Published:
Dec 25, 2015
Keywords:
Arabic Language - gemination - acoustic analysis - articulatory analysis
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Abstract
In this paper, we report the results of an experimental study of the acoustic and articulatory properties of the geminate consonants in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). To extract the feature characteristics, we have carried out an acoustic analysis by computing the values of frequency formants, energy and durations of the consonants and subsequent vowels in the various [VCV] and [VCgV] utterances (Cg: geminate consonant). For that, we have used the sonagraph CSL 4300B of Kay Elemetrics, Praat speech analysis software and Matlab Software. For the articulatory analysis tool, we have used the Electromagnetic Midsagittal Articulograph EMA AG100 to track and record tongue movements during speech production. A range of kinematics parameters were analyzed from the phoneme productions including movement trajectories, distance, velocity, and duration of tongue movements. We have used also the Carstens Emalyse software to visualize and analyze the measurement data acquired by the Articulograph AG100 and corresponding to the various movements of the tongue tip (TT), tongue mid (TM), and tongue back (TB). Among the most important results, we note a longer duration of the vowel following a geminate consonant, a decreasing in levels of F1 and F2 formants and a rising in level of F3 formant of this vowel.
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Ferrat, K., & GUERTI, M. (2015). Acoustic And Articulatory Analysis Of The Gemination In Modern Standard Arabic. AL-Lisaniyyat, 21(2), 71-88. https://doi.org/10.61850/allj.v21i2.306
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References
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Alfonso,P.J., Neely, J.R., Van Lieshout , P.H.H.M.,Hulstjin, W.,Herman, F.M.P., 1993.Calibration,Validation , and Hardware-software Modifications to the carstens EMMA system.forschungsber.Inst.Phonet.sprachl.Kommun.,Munchen,31,105-120.
Arvaniti,A.,and tserdanelis, G.,2000.on the phonetics of geminates: evidence from Cypriot Greek.In: proceeding of 6th international conference on spoken language processing, bejing, china, (vol.2,pp.559-562).
Bouarourou, F., Vaxelaire,B.,Ridouane, R.,Hirsch, F.,Sock R.(2008). Gemination in tarifit Berber : X-Ray And Acoustic Data.in :proceeding of the 8th ISSP,Strasbourg,France, (pp.117-120).
Cohn, A., Ham, W.,podesva, R., 1999.The phonetic realization of singleton-geminate contrasts in three languages of Indonesia.Proceedings of the 14th ICPhs99, san Francisco, USA, (pp.587-590).
Delattre, p., 1971.Pharyngeal features in the consonants of Arabic, German, Spanish,French, and American English.phonetica, 23,129-55.
Dkhissi-Boff,M.C.(1983).Contribution à l’etude expérimentale des consonnes de l »arabe.Trav.de l’inst.Phonétique de strasbourg (TIPS), 15,1-363.
Esposito,A.,Di Benedetto, M. G.,1999.Acoustical Society of America, 106, 2051-2062.
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Galand,L.,1997.Les consonnes tendues du berbére et leur notation.Linguistique africaine, 19,57-76.
Ghalib,G.B.M.,1984.An experimental study of consonant germination in Iraqi Spoken Arabic.Unpublished PHD Thesis, University of leeds.ac.uk-record=b1455013-s4.
*
Hassan,Z.M.,2003.Temporal compensation between vowel and consonant in Swedish et Arabic in sequences of CV:C et CVC : and the word overall duration.phonum,9,45-48.
___,2002.Gemination in Swedish and Arabic with a particular reference to the preceding vowl duration .an instrumental and comparative approach.Fonetik, Tmh-QPSR, 44(1), 081-084.
Hoole , p., 1996. Issues in the acquisition, processing, reduction and parameterization of articulographic data.Forschungsber.INST.Phonet.sprachl.Kommun.,Munchen,34, 158-173.
Khattab,G.,AL-Tamimi, J.,2008.Phpnetic cues to Gemination in Lebanese Arabic.Laboratory Phonology 11,Labphon 11 abstracts, ed.paul Warren, Wellington,New zeland, (pp.75-76).
Lahiri, A., and Hankamer,J.,1988.Phonetic implementation of geminates in Malayalam nouns.In : proc .14th ICPHS99,San Francisco, Usa,(Vol.1,pp.595-598).
Lofqvist, A.,2007.Tongue movement Kinematics in long and short Japanese consonants.Journal of the acoustical society of America, 122(1),512-518.
___,2005.Lip Kinematics in long and short stop and fricative consonants.journal of the acoustical society of America, 117(2),858-878.
Maddieson, I.,1985.Phonetic cues to syllabification.In phonetic Linguistics.V.Fromkin (ed),Academic press New-york, (pp.203-221).
Obrecht, D.H.,1965.Three experiments in the perception of geminate consonants in Arabic.Language and speech,8,31-41.
Payne,E.M.,2006.Non-durational indices in Italian geminate consonants.journal of the international phonetic association,36(1),83-95.
Ridouane,R.,2007.Gemination Tashlhiyt berber: an acoustic and articulatory study.Journal of the international phonetic association,37(2),119-142.
Roman,A.,1983.Etude de la phonologie et de la morphologie de la koiné arabe.Tome I ,Université de provence, aix-en-provence, France, 682pp.
Rossetti,R., 1994.Gemination of Italian stops.Journal of the Acoustical society of America,95(5),2874.
Shrotriya,N.,Siva Sarma,A.S.,Verma, R., and Argrawal,S.S., 1995.Acoustic znd perceptual characteristics of geminate Hindi stop consonants.In : proc.of ICPHS95, Stockholm,Sweden,(pp.132-135).
Smith, C.L.,1995.Prosodic patterns in the coordination of vowel and consonant gestures.In Laboratory phonology IV: Phonology and phonetic evidence, B.Connell and C.Arvaniti (eds).Cambridge U.P., (pp.205-222).
Stevens,M.,and Hajek,J.,2004. Comparing voiced and voiceless geminates in sienese Italian: what role does preaspiration play?.In: proceedings of the 10th Australian International conference on speech science and technology, Macquarie university, Sydney, Australia,(pp.340-345).
Trigui, A., Maraoui, M., and Zrigui, M.,2010.THE Gemination effect on consonant and Vowel Duration in standard Arabic speech.11th ACIS Intern.conf.on software engineering artificial intelligence Networking and parallel-distributed computing (Snpd), university of Greenwich , London, (pp.102-105).
Vaxelaire, B., 2007.Le geste et la production de la parole.résultats et implications d’etude quantitatives cinéradiographiques.Habilitation à diriger des recherches(HDR).Université Marc Bloch, strasbourg2, France,133pp
____,2005.Lip Kinematics in long and short stop and fricative consonants. Journal of the acoustical society of America, 117(2), 858-878.,1995.single vs.double (abutted) consonants across speech rate.X-ray and acoustic data for French.In :ptoc .13th ICPHS95,Stockholm, Sweden , (vol.1,pp.384-387)
Zeroual,C., fuchs, S., Hoole , p., and Esling J.H., 2006.Kinematic study of Moroccan Arabic simple and geminate obstruent : evidence from transillumination.in :proc .7th ISSP, Ubatuba, Brazil, (pp.287-294).
ZERoual, C.? Hoole, P., and Gafos, A.L., 2008.Spatio-temporal and kinematic study of Moroccan Arabic coronal geminate plosives.In :proc.8th Issp, srasbourg, France,pp.133-136.
Al-Tammimi, F.Y., 2004. An experimental phonetic study of intervocalic singleton and geminate sonorants in Jordanian Araic.Al-Arabiyya: journal of the American association of teachers of Arabic , 29,37-52.
Alfonso,P.J., Neely, J.R., Van Lieshout , P.H.H.M.,Hulstjin, W.,Herman, F.M.P., 1993.Calibration,Validation , and Hardware-software Modifications to the carstens EMMA system.forschungsber.Inst.Phonet.sprachl.Kommun.,Munchen,31,105-120.
Arvaniti,A.,and tserdanelis, G.,2000.on the phonetics of geminates: evidence from Cypriot Greek.In: proceeding of 6th international conference on spoken language processing, bejing, china, (vol.2,pp.559-562).
Bouarourou, F., Vaxelaire,B.,Ridouane, R.,Hirsch, F.,Sock R.(2008). Gemination in tarifit Berber : X-Ray And Acoustic Data.in :proceeding of the 8th ISSP,Strasbourg,France, (pp.117-120).
Cohn, A., Ham, W.,podesva, R., 1999.The phonetic realization of singleton-geminate contrasts in three languages of Indonesia.Proceedings of the 14th ICPhs99, san Francisco, USA, (pp.587-590).
Delattre, p., 1971.Pharyngeal features in the consonants of Arabic, German, Spanish,French, and American English.phonetica, 23,129-55.
Dkhissi-Boff,M.C.(1983).Contribution à l’etude expérimentale des consonnes de l »arabe.Trav.de l’inst.Phonétique de strasbourg (TIPS), 15,1-363.
Esposito,A.,Di Benedetto, M. G.,1999.Acoustical Society of America, 106, 2051-2062.
Ferrat, K., Baazi, K., Guerti, M.,2007.Etude acoustico-articulatoire de l’emphase en arabe standard.International conf.in translation and language processing.orzn, Algeria.
Ferrat,K., 2005.Acoustical study of the tasdid and the idgam in standard Arabic-application for speech synthesis.IEEE int.Conf.Sciences of Electronic, Technol.of inform.and telecom.SETIT2005,Susa, Tunisia.
Galand,L.,1997.Les consonnes tendues du berbére et leur notation.Linguistique africaine, 19,57-76.
Ghalib,G.B.M.,1984.An experimental study of consonant germination in Iraqi Spoken Arabic.Unpublished PHD Thesis, University of leeds.ac.uk-record=b1455013-s4.
*
Hassan,Z.M.,2003.Temporal compensation between vowel and consonant in Swedish et Arabic in sequences of CV:C et CVC : and the word overall duration.phonum,9,45-48.
___,2002.Gemination in Swedish and Arabic with a particular reference to the preceding vowl duration .an instrumental and comparative approach.Fonetik, Tmh-QPSR, 44(1), 081-084.
Hoole , p., 1996. Issues in the acquisition, processing, reduction and parameterization of articulographic data.Forschungsber.INST.Phonet.sprachl.Kommun.,Munchen,34, 158-173.
Khattab,G.,AL-Tamimi, J.,2008.Phpnetic cues to Gemination in Lebanese Arabic.Laboratory Phonology 11,Labphon 11 abstracts, ed.paul Warren, Wellington,New zeland, (pp.75-76).
Lahiri, A., and Hankamer,J.,1988.Phonetic implementation of geminates in Malayalam nouns.In : proc .14th ICPHS99,San Francisco, Usa,(Vol.1,pp.595-598).
Lofqvist, A.,2007.Tongue movement Kinematics in long and short Japanese consonants.Journal of the acoustical society of America, 122(1),512-518.
___,2005.Lip Kinematics in long and short stop and fricative consonants.journal of the acoustical society of America, 117(2),858-878.
Maddieson, I.,1985.Phonetic cues to syllabification.In phonetic Linguistics.V.Fromkin (ed),Academic press New-york, (pp.203-221).
Obrecht, D.H.,1965.Three experiments in the perception of geminate consonants in Arabic.Language and speech,8,31-41.
Payne,E.M.,2006.Non-durational indices in Italian geminate consonants.journal of the international phonetic association,36(1),83-95.
Ridouane,R.,2007.Gemination Tashlhiyt berber: an acoustic and articulatory study.Journal of the international phonetic association,37(2),119-142.
Roman,A.,1983.Etude de la phonologie et de la morphologie de la koiné arabe.Tome I ,Université de provence, aix-en-provence, France, 682pp.
Rossetti,R., 1994.Gemination of Italian stops.Journal of the Acoustical society of America,95(5),2874.
Shrotriya,N.,Siva Sarma,A.S.,Verma, R., and Argrawal,S.S., 1995.Acoustic znd perceptual characteristics of geminate Hindi stop consonants.In : proc.of ICPHS95, Stockholm,Sweden,(pp.132-135).
Smith, C.L.,1995.Prosodic patterns in the coordination of vowel and consonant gestures.In Laboratory phonology IV: Phonology and phonetic evidence, B.Connell and C.Arvaniti (eds).Cambridge U.P., (pp.205-222).
Stevens,M.,and Hajek,J.,2004. Comparing voiced and voiceless geminates in sienese Italian: what role does preaspiration play?.In: proceedings of the 10th Australian International conference on speech science and technology, Macquarie university, Sydney, Australia,(pp.340-345).
Trigui, A., Maraoui, M., and Zrigui, M.,2010.THE Gemination effect on consonant and Vowel Duration in standard Arabic speech.11th ACIS Intern.conf.on software engineering artificial intelligence Networking and parallel-distributed computing (Snpd), university of Greenwich , London, (pp.102-105).
Vaxelaire, B., 2007.Le geste et la production de la parole.résultats et implications d’etude quantitatives cinéradiographiques.Habilitation à diriger des recherches(HDR).Université Marc Bloch, strasbourg2, France,133pp
____,2005.Lip Kinematics in long and short stop and fricative consonants. Journal of the acoustical society of America, 117(2), 858-878.,1995.single vs.double (abutted) consonants across speech rate.X-ray and acoustic data for French.In :ptoc .13th ICPHS95,Stockholm, Sweden , (vol.1,pp.384-387)
Zeroual,C., fuchs, S., Hoole , p., and Esling J.H., 2006.Kinematic study of Moroccan Arabic simple and geminate obstruent : evidence from transillumination.in :proc .7th ISSP, Ubatuba, Brazil, (pp.287-294).
ZERoual, C.? Hoole, P., and Gafos, A.L., 2008.Spatio-temporal and kinematic study of Moroccan Arabic coronal geminate plosives.In :proc.8th Issp, srasbourg, France,pp.133-136.